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Kilei Ilan (grafting): scion and rootstock combinations for trees and vegetables

Kilei Ilan (grafting): scion and rootstock combinations for trees and vegetables

Laws of kilei ilan (grafting): permitted and prohibited scion and rootstock combinations for fruit trees, citrus trees, ornamental trees, and vegetables (update: Tevet 5785-January 2025).

Rabbis of Torah VeHa'aretz Institute

·         The kilei ilan prohibition includes grafting scions from different species onto one rootstock (multi fruit).

·         The trees bolded and marked with an asterisk* are often grafted in a forbidden manner. For trees not bolded, there is no known prohibited grafting.

·         The information below relates to trees produces in large nurseries. Some small planters perform non-standard grafts at times; it is difficult to predict the possible grafting pairs and the chart below should not be relied upon.

·         For a list of halachically supervised nurseries, click here.

The tables below are based on an article written by Rabbi Yoel Friedemann, published also in Hilchot Ha'aretz, and available on this website, here. Changes and updates have been made to the lists. Latest update: Tevet 5785-January 2025

For a PDF colored file of this list, click here.

 

Table 1: Scions and Rootstocks for Fruit Trees

Fruit (variety)

Permissible rootstocks  Preference 1

Permissible rootstocks 
Preference 2

Preference 3
Only a
non-Jew may graft and plant

Forbidden rootstocks

Almond*

Bitter almond
(Alnem)

Peach X Almond (GF-677, Hansen, GF-749, GF-557)

GN-15

Peach (Baladi, Nemaguard, GF-305)

Annona

Annona (cherimola)

 

 

 

Apple

Apple
(Malus, Hashabi 13-4, M106, M9, MM109)

 

 

 

Apricot*

Apricot
(Canino, Raanana, Klabi)

 

 

 

Peach X Plum (Myron, 29 X 27, Citation), 

Plum (Marianna), Peach X Almond (GF-677),

Peach (GF-305)

 

Avocado

Mexican avocado (Schmidt); West Indian avocado (Degania, Zrifin,Ashdot, Fairchild)

 

 

 

Carob

Seedlings / carob

 

 

 

Che – Chinese Mulberry* Seedlings     Maclura pomifera   (Osage orange) [1]

Cherry and sweet cherry*

Sweet cherry (Mazzard)

 

Colt, Mahaleb,  Gisela, MXM, MM2

 

Chinese date (Jujube)*

Seedlings

 

 

Sour plum (Ziziphus spinose)

Date

No grafting can be performed

 

 

 

Feijoa

Seedlings/ cuttings / feijoa

 

 

 

Fig

Cuttings / fig

 

 

 

Grapevine

Grapevine (Richter, Paulsen, Ruggeri)

 

 

 

*Guava

Seedlings / cuttings / guava

 

 

 Psidium cattleianum

Kiwi

Cuttings / kiwi (Hayward)

 

 

 

Loquat*

Loquat

 

 

Quince (BA29, A, C, Sydo) (For heavy soils)

Lychee

Cuttings / lychee (Mauritius, Floridian)

 

 

 

Macadamia

Cuttings / macadamia

 

 

 

Mango

Mango (13/1, 49, Saber)

 

 

 

Mulberry

Seedlings / cuttings / raspberry

 

 

 

Olive

Cuttings / olive

 

 

 

Peach* and nectarine

Peach (Nemaguard, Baladi, 198/12, GF-305)

Peach X Almond (GF-677, Hansen, GF-749, GF-557)

GN-15

Almond (Alnem), Plum X Peach (Ferciana)

Pear*/ Nashi Pear*

Pear (OHF, Pyrus betulifolia)

 

 

Quince

(BA29, A, C, Sydo)

Pecan

Cuttings / pecan

 

 

 

Persimmon

Persimmon (Virginiana, Kaki, and Lotus)

 

 

 

Pistachio*

Pistachia vera

 

Pistacia atlantica

 Pistacia chinesis X Pistacia atlantica (UCB1)

Plum*

Plum (Marianna, Myrobalan; Marianna is used more for European plum)

Peach X Plum (Citation)

Peach X Plum (Myron, Ferciana)

Peach X Almond (Hansen, GF-677, GN-15; used for Japanese plums); Almond (Alnem; used for European plums), Peach (GF-305)

Pomegranate

Cuttings

 

 

 

Quince

Quince (BA29, A, C, Sydo)

 

 

 

Strawberry Guava

Seedlings / cuttings / strawberry guava

 

 

 

Walnut

Cuttings / walnut

 

 

 

Wampi*

Seedlings / wampi

 

 

Citruses

 

Table 2: Scions and Rootstocks for Citrus Trees

Fruit (variety)

Permissible rootstocks  Preference 1

Permissible rootstocks 
Preference 2

Preference 3
Only a non-Jew may graft and plant

Etrog

No grafting

 

 

Grapefruit*

Pomelo

Sweetie

Poorman, Yuma Ponderosa, Kinkoji

Citrumelo

Bitter orange, Volkameriana, Troyer

Lemon,* finger lemon,* *lemonquat, *lime   

Citrumelo

Hushhash (bitter orange)

Orange,* clementine, mandarin, kumquat

Hushhash (bitter orange), Volkameriana, Cleopatra, Rangpur, Rough lemon, Zhuluan

Troyer, 812, 4934, 639, 44/12, 811

C-35

 

Table 3: Scions and Rootstocks for Ornamental Trees known to be grafted in a forbidden manner

Fruit (variety)

Permissible rootstocks  Preference 1

Permissible rootstocks 
Preference 2

Preference 3
Only a non-Jew may graft and plant

Forbidden rootstocks

Callery pear

Callery pear

 

 

Quince
(BA29, A, C, Sydo)

Green olive tree (Phillyrea latifolia)

Green olive tree

 

 

Olive

Purple-leaf cherry plum 

Plum (Marianna, Myrobalan)

 

 

 

Peach X Almond (GF-677, Hansen)

 

 

Table 4: Scions and Rootstocks for Vegetables Generally Grafted

Vegetable (variety)

Permissible rootstocks

Forbidden rootstocks

Cucumber

None

Pumpkin (TZ, Tetsukabuto, AQ-1)

Eggplant

Under investigation 

Tomato (Fortamino, Beaufort)

Melon

Melon (MRS-2)

Pumpkin (TZ, Tetsukabuto, AQ-1)

Pepper

Under investigation

Eggplant, Tomato

Tomato

Tomato (Fortamino, Beaufort)

 

Watermelon

 

Watermelon

 (in development;

 not yet commercial) 

 

Pumpkin (TZ, Tetsukabuto, AQ-1)