Shop עברית

Am I supposed to wet produce before separating terumot and ma'aserot?

Subscribe to our Newsletter

Question

I am a member of your keren and I often separate fruit from my garden. 
I recently heard that I should make the fruit tamei before separating because otherwise I can't redeem the ma'aser sheni for a token amount (rather I would have to redeem it for its full value). Is that correct? If so, is this requirement  bedi'avad or just lechatchila? 
The fruit that I pick is usually not yet tamei because it hasn't been washed before I separate it. It's easy for me to make it tamei if I need to, but I wasn't aware that this was required.

Answer

Rabbi Moshe Bloom

Short answer:

Today, only within Sanctified Jerusalem (City of David, Old City to Russian compound) is it neccesary to first wet the produce.

Expanded answer:

The reason for wetting and imparting tumah through touch was to allow for the terumah to be burned (Shulchan Aruch YD 331, Remah)

תרומה גדולה בזמן הזה שהיא עומדת לשריפה מפני הטומאה שיעורה כל שהוא: הגה ונותנה בזמן הזה לכל כהן שירצה בין חבר בין עם הארץ ואפילו אינו מיוחס רק שמוחזק בכהן והוא שורפה ויכול להניחה ולשרפה [עד] שיכול ליהנות ממנה בשעת שריפה אבל זר אסור ליהנות ממנה בשעת שריפתה אם לא שכהן נהנה עמו אבל שאר הנאות שאינה מכלה אותה מותרת אפי' לזרים (טור) כהן שאוכל אצל ישראל נותן בנר שמן של תרומה ואע"פ שעומד הכהן והולך לו אין צריך לכבותו עד שיכבה מעצמו (מרדכי פ' אלמנה לכ"ג) וכל זה מיירי בתרומה שהוכשרה דאז נטמאת ומותר לשרפה אבל אם לא הוכשרה שלא נטמאה אסור לשרפה וטוב להכשיר אותה קודם מירוח כדי שתקבל טומאה ויהא מותר לשריפה (טור). 

Today, however, the general pesak is not to burn impure terumah so that accidentally people will not burn pure terumah. Instead, we bury it (double wrap and dispose). See here.

Another reason to impart ritual impurity is that it is forbidden to redeem pure maaser sheni within the sanctified area of Jerusalem. Therefore, today it is pertinent to first wet and touch the produce, and then it is possible to redeem it on a coin.

This is an excerpt of an article we wrote:

Jerusalem's sanctity today and the obligation of terumot and ma'aserot in Jerusalem

The obligation to separate terumot and ma'aserot from produce grown in Jerusalem today is rabbinic, like other places sanctified by the olei Bavel.

Jerusalem's sanctity still exists today, encompassing all areas sanctified by King Solomon. Nevertheless, it is forbidden to eat ma'aser sheni there as the Temple is destroyed and we are impure from contact with the dead.

On the other hand, it is also forbidden to redeem ma'aser sheni in sanctified Jerusalem, including the City of David, the Jewish Quarter, and, according to some authorities, even Mt. Zion. Some permit redeeming it in the Mt. Zion area.

It is also forbidden to take untithed produce outside of sanctified Jerusalem to redeem ma'aser sheni outside of this area.

However, once ma'aser sheni becomes impure it can be redeemed even in sanctified Jerusalem. Therefore, when terumot and ma'aserot are separated in these places, the fruits are wetted and touched, making them impure before separation, so they can be redeemed there.

Here is a comprehensive article on the topic (with sources) in Hebrew on this topic.